Working in the UK – minimum wage 2026, contracts, holidays and the Employment Rights Act
Last updated 25 September 2026Rules checked every MondayOfficial sourcesSources & methodology →
The minimum wage rose in April 2026, sick pay now starts from the first day, and more employment rights arrive this autumn. Here is what working in the UK means for you: who may work, what every employer must give you, and how to get your qualifications recognised.

Working in the UK in 2026 means working under employment law that is changing in phases. The Employment Rights Act 2025 received Royal Assent on 18 December 2025 and is being brought in step by step through 2026 and 2027. The minimum wage rose on 1 April 2026, as it does every year.
What changed for working in the UK in 2026?
| Date | Change |
|---|---|
| 1 April 2026 | National Living Wage of £12.71 an hour for workers aged 21 and over, up from £12.21 |
| 6 April 2026 | Statutory Sick Pay without waiting days or a lower earnings limit; paternity leave and unpaid parental leave from your first day |
| 7 April 2026 | The Fair Work Agency, a new enforcement body, set up |
| 1 October 2026 | Employment tribunal time limit rises from 3 to 6 months (9 November 2026 for breach-of-contract claims in Scotland); right-to-work checks extend to workers, sub-contractors and online platforms |
| 30 October 2026 | Employers must tell workers of their right to join a union and take 'all reasonable steps' to prevent sexual harassment |
| 1 January 2027 | Unfair dismissal protection after 6 months' service, for dismissals from that date |
Source: the Department for Business and Trade and the Home Office, read 23 September 2026.
The government says future dates remain subject to Parliament and may change. How far each measure applies in Northern Ireland was not confirmed when we checked; if you work there, check nidirect.
Who can work in the UK, and what does the Skilled Worker visa require?
Before your first day, you must prove your right to work. If you are not British or Irish, use a share code from your UKVI (UK Visas and Immigration) account or eligible immigration documents; the employer cannot insist on the code. British and Irish citizens show a passport, current or expired. EU, EEA and Swiss citizens who were not living in the UK by 31 December 2020 need a visa like everyone else.
| Your status | Can you work? |
|---|---|
| Irish citizen | Yes, with no permission needed |
| Skilled Worker visa | Yes, in a job with an approved sponsor |
| Partner of a Skilled Worker | Yes, except as a sportsperson or coach |
| Student at degree level | Up to 20 hours a week in term time, full time in vacations; no self-employment |
| Graduate visa | Most jobs, and self-employment |
| Youth Mobility Scheme | Most jobs; self-employment only with rented premises, equipment up to £5,000 and no employees |
| Asylum seeker | Usually not; after 12 months without a decision, through no fault of yours, you can apply – for jobs at RQF level 6 or above |
| Refugee or humanitarian protection | Yes, without restrictions |
Source: UKVI and the Immigration Rules, read 23 September 2026.
The Skilled Worker visa was tightened on 22 July 2025: new applicants' jobs must generally be at RQF level 6 (graduate level), which removed about 180 occupations, and the general salary floor is £41,700 a year or the job's going rate, whichever is higher. Since 8 January 2026, new applicants need B2 English. Your employer must pay at least the minimum wage, and the Immigration Skills Charge is theirs to pay, not yours. Part 2 has the full visa rules.
You also need a National Insurance number, applied for online once you are in the UK. It can take up to 4 weeks, but you can start work before it arrives. Check your eVisa first – you may already have one (see part 3).
What is the UK minimum wage in 2026 – and what else must your employer give you?
The minimum wage is a national statutory rate set by age, not by sector or collective agreement, and it changes every 1 April. Apprentices get the apprentice rate if under 19, or in their first year; after that, the rate for their age. Agricultural workers in Wales have separate minimum rates that may be higher.
| Right | The legal minimum |
|---|---|
| Pay, aged 21 and over | £12.71 an hour (was £12.21) |
| Pay, aged 18 to 20 | £10.85 (was £10.00) |
| Pay, under 18 and apprentices | £8.00 (was £7.55) |
| Working hours | Up to 48 a week on average, normally over 17 weeks, unless you opt out |
| Breaks | 20 minutes, not necessarily paid, if you work over 6 hours; 11 hours between working days; 24 hours off a week or 48 a fortnight |
| Paid holiday | 5.6 weeks: 28 days on a five-day week, 16.8 days on three; bank holidays can count |
| Sick pay | £123.25 a week or 80% of normal earnings, whichever is lower, for up to 28 weeks; a fit note after 7 days off |
| Workplace pension | Automatic enrolment from 22 if you earn at least £10,000; at least 8% of qualifying earnings, 3% or more from the employer |
| Tips | Passed on in full, without deductions, since 1 October 2024 |
Source: UK government employment guidance, HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) and nidirect, read 23 September 2026.
Bank holidays bring no automatic day off or extra pay – that depends on your contract. England and Wales have 8 in 2026, Scotland and Northern Ireland 10 each. Northern Ireland has the same 5.6 weeks of paid leave.
Contracts, notice and dismissal
You have a contract as soon as you accept a job offer, even if nothing is written down. Your employer must give you a principal written statement on your first day – pay, hours, holiday, place of work, expected length of the job, probation and required training – and a wider statement within 2 months, covering pensions, collective agreements and disciplinary and grievance procedures.
After a month in a job, you must give at least one week's notice, or more if your contract says so. Your employer must give at least one week in your first 2 years, then one week per year of service, up to 12 weeks. To claim unfair dismissal you currently need 2 years' service – 1 year in Northern Ireland – and must claim within 3 months.
About 22.4% of UK employees were union members in 2025, and around 39.9% of jobs had pay set with reference to a collective agreement – 89.6% in the public sector but 19.5% in the private sector. Union subscriptions may come out of your pay only with your written permission.
Are your qualifications recognised in the UK?
For most jobs, a Statement of Comparability from UK ENIC – formerly UK NARIC, managed by Ecctis for the government – shows how your qualification compares with UK levels. It costs £69.60 with an e-Statement and takes around 15 working days; it does not assess grades or English. For regulated professions, such as doctor or architect, the regulator decides, and professional licences are usually not eligible for a Statement. The Regulated Professions Register lists about 200 such professions.
Jobcentre Plus and the government's Find a job service cover England, Scotland and Wales; Northern Ireland has JobApplyNI. If something goes wrong at work, these are the places to call.
| Where | For what | Contact |
|---|---|---|
| Acas | Free employment advice, for workers and employers | 0300 123 1100, Monday to Friday, 8am to 6pm |
| Fair Work Agency | Complaints about pay and work rights, such as unpaid minimum wage | Online form; serious abuse or modern slavery on 0800 432 0804, free, weekdays 9am to 5pm |
| Citizens Advice (England) | Free advice on work, housing and debt | 0800 144 8848, usually weekdays 9am to 5pm |
Source: Acas, the Fair Work Agency and Citizens Advice, read 23 September 2026.
What to do now
| Step | What | When |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Have a share code or passport ready for the right-to-work check | Before your first day |
| 2 | Find your National Insurance number on your eVisa, or apply online | Your first week in the UK |
| 3 | Read your principal written statement | Your first day |
| 4 | Check your payslip against the minimum wage for your age | Your first payday |
| 5 | Order a Statement of Comparability, or contact your regulator | Before applying for jobs |
| 6 | Call Acas if something is wrong: tribunal claims have a 3-month limit, 6 months from 1 October 2026 | As soon as a problem arises |
Source: the Home Office, HMRC, UK ENIC and Acas, read 23 September 2026.
Official sources
The official pages this guide is based on, read 23 September 2026. Links open the authority’s own website.
- GOV.UK – National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage rates · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Agricultural workers' rights; DBT – Plan to Make Work Pay and Employment Rights Act: timeline update · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Maximum weekly working hours · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Rest breaks at work · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Holiday entitlement · gov.uk
- nidirect – Holiday entitlements · nidirect.gov.uk
- GOV.UK – UK bank holidays (bank-holidays.json) · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Employment contracts (Written statement of employment particulars) · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Handing in your notice; Redundancy: your rights (Notice periods) · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Dismissal: your rights; DBT – Plan to Make Work Pay and Employment Rights Act: timeline update ( · gov.uk
- legislation.gov.uk – Employment Rights Act 2025 (introduction); DBT timeline update · legislation.gov.uk
- DBT – Plan to Make Work Pay and Employment Rights Act: timeline update · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Statutory Sick Pay · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Workplace pensions · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Prove your right to work to an employer · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Apply for a National Insurance number · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Find a job; Contact Jobcentre Plus · gov.uk
- DBT – Trade union membership, UK, 1995 to 2025: statistical bulletin (28 May 2026) · gov.uk
- legislation.gov.uk – Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, s.179 · legislation.gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Joining a trade union · gov.uk
- ONS – Employee earnings in the UK: 2025 (ASHE) · ons.gov.uk
- ONS – Average weekly earnings in Great Britain: September 2026 · ons.gov.uk
- ONS – Labour market overview, UK: September 2026 · ons.gov.uk
- UK ENIC – Statement of Comparability (Cost); UK ENIC home · enic.org.uk
- UK ENIC – Fast Track Service; Cost; Statement of Comparability overview · enic.org.uk
- GOV.UK (DBT) – Check which professions are regulated in the UK; Regulated Professions Register launch · gov.uk
- GOV.UK – Skilled Worker visa: your job; Home Office – Explanatory memorandum to HC 997 · gov.uk
- Acas – Get advice from the Acas helpline · acas.org.uk
- GOV.UK – Contact the Fair Work Agency; Fair Work Agency organisation page · gov.uk
Relocate in Europe provides general information, not legal or financial advice for your individual situation. Check with the authority named above before you act – rules change, and your case may differ.